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Although all aspects of diversity are meaningful topics, this article is solely focused on gender diversity. Currently, females represent approximately 15% of outside board member seats in the S&P 1500 and about 18% of the S&P 500 seats. This equates to a median of 1-2 female board members in a group of 9-11 board members.

Following the recent release of new rules and regulations regarding the proposed pay for performance disclosure requirement imposed on public companies by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 ("Dodd-Frank"), the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has just released rules to add Section 10D to the Securities Exchange Act regarding executive officer clawbacks of incentive compensation.

On April 29, 2015, the SEC released proposed rules on public company pay-for-performance disclosure mandated under the Dodd-Frank Act. Pay Governance has analyzed the proposed rules and the implications for our clients' proxy disclosures and pay-for-performance explanations to investors. We are concerned about the validity of describing a company's pay-for-performance alignment using the disclosure mandated under the SEC's proposed rules, and its implications for Say on Pay votes.

Many large U.S. based multinational banking and financial services corporations have implemented executive compensation clawback policies that require the cancellation and forfeiture of unvested deferred cash awards or performance share unit awards. These policies typically condition the cancellation of deferred compensation if it is determined that an executive engaged in misconduct, including failure to supervise or monitor individuals engaging in inappropriate behaviors that caused harm to the organization's operations.

In this Viewpoint edition, Pay Governance will discuss the proposed rules and the next steps companies should consider regarding pay for performance disclosure rules. The SEC intends that the pay for performance comparison will supplement the CEO pay ratio in providing shareholders with information to better assess executive pay for purposes of the shareholder advisory Say on Pay vote.

Sustainable investing - defined as an investment approach that considers environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors in the selection and management of investments - has seen significant growth in assets under management in the past several years. In the United States, an estimated 11% of total assets under management are now invested based on sustainable investment strategies. Similarly, shareholder proposals relating to environmental or social issues represented one-third of all shareholder proposals in 2014, representing an increase of nearly 40% since 2009. Some proposals are receiving shareholder support at or above 30%, generally driven by "for" vote recommendations from ISS. We find that ISS favors proposals that seek additional environmental or social reporting versus proposals that seek operational changes or restrictions. This finding contrasts with ISS's say-on-pay vote recommendation policies, which often seek changes to executive compensation designs.

Over the past 15 years, the methods of compensating non-employee directors have changed in tandem with the risk and workload of being a director. The catalyst for change over this time period includes a variety of regulatory requirements, such as Sarbanes-Oxley and Dodd Frank, enhanced proxy disclosure rules and increases in shareholder activism. By way of examples, Audit Committees meet more frequently and must have at least one qualified financial expert, and Compensation Committees have greater workloads. Today's corporate director needs to dedicate more time to the job, assume greater risk, and meet higher qualification standards.

The vast majority"98%"of companies have passed their annual say on pay votes (SOP) over the past four years. Proxy advisor voting recommendations remain highly influential on these votes, and many companies, perhaps hundreds, have changed the structure of their executive pay programs to try to comply with proxy advisor policies and to obtain a "FOR" SOP vote recommendation from proxy advisors.

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has just released its proposed rules regarding the requirement for companies to report as to whether employees and non-employee directors are allowed to hedge or offset the decrease in market value of equity securities. Proxy advisory firm Institutional Shareholder Services (ISS) has just released a new document explaining the firm's latest policies with respect to executive compensation, including its say on pay advisory voting services. Another proxy advisory firm, Glass, Lewis & Co. LLC (Glass Lewis), has implemented changes to its pay for performance and equity plan models.

Proxy advisory firm Glass, Lewis & Co. LLC ("Glass Lewis") has just published a new 45 page report which provides an overview to the Glass Lewis approach to advising its institutional investor clients regarding proxy matters. For the 2015 proxy season, Glass Lewis has noted six policy changes which are highlighted in the report. In order to keep our clients abreast of these changes in Glass Lewis policy, Pay Governance has summarized these policy changes